Европейские ученые заявили: регулярная уборка с применением очищающих спреев и других чистящих средств отрицательно сказывается на функциях легких.
Вред организму наносят мелкодисперсные частицы детергентов, которые человек непроизвольно вдыхает во время уборки, они повреждают слизистые оболочки органов дыхания.
Этот эффект выявили только у женщин, на организм мужчин уборка не повлияла, пишет Сегодня.
Авторы работы использовали результаты опроса European Community Respiratory Health Survey, его основной целью было изучение распространения астмы.
Ученые отобрали данные о 6230 участниках опроса, которые не только заполнили анкету, но и прошли осмотр врача с обследованием функции легких.
В начале исследования участникам было от 20 до 44 лет, наблюдение за ними длилось более 20 лет. 53% опрошенных составляли женщины. Исследователи учли возраст и уровень образования участников, их рост, вес и склонность к курению.
На обследовании участники проходили проверку на два основных показателя функции легких: объем форсированного выдоха за 1 секунду (ОФВ1, FEV1) и форсированную жизненную емкость легких (ФЖЕЛ, FVC).
Первый показатель измеряет, сколько воздуха выдыхает человек в первую секунду сильного выдоха, второй — какой объем воздуха выходит из легких при максимально быстром и сильном выдохе.
В норме оба показателя с возрастом падают.
Однако cопоставление данных показало: у женщин, которые регулярно проводили уборку с использованием чистящих средств, эти значения уменьшались быстрее.
У тех, кто убирался дома, ОФВ1 снижался на 3,6 мл в год быстрее, чем у тех, кто не занимался уборкой, а ФЖЕЛ — на 4,3 мл быстрее.
У профессиональных уборщиц ОФВ1 падал на 3,9 мл в год быстрее, ФЖЕЛ сокращалась на 7,1 мл в год быстрее.
По словам ученых, профессиональная уборка в течение десятилетий наносит легким женщин столько же вреда, сколько табак — легким курильщика, употребляющего по пачке сигарет в день в течение 20 лет.
Также у тех, кто регулярно убирался, чаще диагностировали астму.
Заметное снижение функций легких обнаружили только у женщин. У мужчин, которые работали уборщиками или часто убирались дома, таких изменений не нашли.
Ученые предполагают, что мужчины могут чаще работать уборщиками производственных помещений, а не жилых или офисных, и использовать другие методы очистки поверхностей.
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